檫木叶片秋季衰老时叶色、色素和营养元素的关系

【目的】从叶片衰老角度研究檫木叶片叶色、色素和营养元素的变化规律,为秋色叶观赏树种檫木的选育以及栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以栽植于同一环境条件下的3年生檫木为试验材料,从檫木叶片停止生长到脱落,分5个时期对叶片的叶色值、色素含量和营养元素含量进行观测和分析。【结果】观测前期与观测后期,檫木叶片叶色值、色素含量和营养元素含量存在极显著差异;叶片进入衰老阶段后,叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量呈下降趋势,而花色素苷含量逐渐上升;N、P、K含量在叶片衰老阶段逐渐下降。由典型相关分析可知,叶色a*值与叶绿素含量具有显著负相关,与花色素苷含量呈显著正相关;花色素苷含量与N含量成反比,类胡萝卜素含量与P含量成正比;N元素再利用效率的载荷值符号与N含量载荷值的符号相反,而P元素再利用效率的载荷值符号与P含量载荷值的符号相同;檫木叶片衰老分为3个阶段,第1阶段从9月中下旬到10月上旬,为叶片衰老准备期;第2阶段从10月中下旬到11月上旬,为叶片缓慢衰老期;第3阶段从11月中下旬到叶片脱落,为叶片衰老末期。【结论】檫木叶色最佳观赏期是从10月中下旬到11月上旬的叶片缓慢衰老期;从叶片衰老准备期到叶片衰老末期,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素被分解,花色素苷合成;N、P、K 3种营养元素逐渐被转移,其中N含量越高,N元素再利用效率就越低;与之相反,P含量越高,P元素再利用效率就越高。     

森林旅游景区生态安全要素及其景观感知传递性分析

剖析森林旅游景区生物资源等要素的生态安全状态及其相应的景观感知,以及它们之间的传递关系,建立森林旅游景区生态安全与景观感知安全传递关系模型。通过对景区生态安全各要素的分析发现,在景区开发、游客干扰等人类活动的干扰下,我国一些森林旅游景区水体、土壤、空气、声音环境受到严重污染,动植物生长生存条件发生退化,并对游客的景观感知产生了显著的负面影响。对景区生态安全与景观感知安全的传递性分析表明,景观感知安全是人类活动对自然资源的影响转移到自身的一种反映,它对景区生态安全状态有一定的预知作用。在此基础上,结合景区生态安全与景观感知安全之间的传递关系,和对景区生态安全构念的分析,建立了包括生物生存环境安全和生物资源安全要素在内的森林旅游景区生态安全结构,及其与景观感知安全之间的传递关系模型。     

红藤苗木施肥量的初步研究*

红藤(Daemonorops margaritae Hance)是我国主要商品藤种之一,目前已在广东、海南和福建等省推广人工栽培。红藤苗木培育周期长,从播种到成苗出圃约需一年时间,而壮苗技术是推广人工栽培的关键。为了研究红藤壮苗培育技术,在取得藤苗光照试验和矿质营养试验结果的基础上,安排了苗木施肥试验,以探求红藤苗木最适施肥量,为合理施肥提供科学依据。     

Effects of conventional and organic feed on the mineral composition of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is a widely consumed marine fish in Mediterranean areas, and different farming techniques are applied for fish culturing to satisfy the growing demand for seafood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional and organic feed on the quality of cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) collected during the growth period. The concentrations of ash, moisture, essential macro‐elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P), micro‐elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and toxic elements (As, Cd, and Pb) were determined in feeds and in fillets of cultured fish. The results were compared to those obtained from wild sea bass. Results showed that the differences between organic diet‐fed and conventional diet‐fed sea basses varied in relation to the specific element measured and the growth period. The former showed higher concentration of Fe, Mg and Cr, and lower Na content. The amount of P, Na, Fe, Cu and Cr in wild sea bass was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than that found in farmed fish. The levels of toxic elements in cultured sea bass were always within the allowed limit for fishery products. Wild samples had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher content of arsenic and lead than farmed sea bass. Cultured fish represent a valuable dietary source of essential macro‐ and micro‐elements. Controlled rearing systems and feedings were related to a decrease in the presence of some toxic metals in cultured fish compared with wild fish.     

高尔夫球手地方依恋符号性元素的识别与运用

运用隐喻抽取技术对高尔夫球手地方依恋的符号性元素进行了识别与定量研究。结果表明,高尔夫球手地方依恋有22个符号性元素,这些元素可分为风格、地理、参与、接待和文化五类,它们给球手带来"友谊"、"健康"、"愉悦"、"品质高"、"风景美"的终极体验。经营者要充分利用符号性元素的意义,着重打造球场基础设施、园林景观、服务接待和球会文化;积极挖掘联结构念的耦合价值,实现球手与球场的符号互动;主动创设高尔夫球手游憩氛围情境,避免球手地方依恋的中断或转移;结合球会自身特点,适时进行符号化运作。     

海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林植物组成与地理成分

为揭示海南岛甘什岭热带低地雨林区域植物群落特征、性质和规律,以期为进一步分析生物多样性保育与恢复策略及生态服务功能评估等提供科学依据,在海南岛南部甘什岭自然保护区选择典型低地雨林建立1 hm~2固定样地,进行立地因子和植被调查,并研究其物种组成与地理成分。结果表明:维管植物隶属于65科150属213种,种子植物63科148属211种,分别占海南岛和全国种子植物总科、属、种的32.66%、19.29%,13.56%、4.69%和7.65%、0.78%~0.81%;优势科明显,单种科36个,寡种科24个,共占总科数的92.31%;属内种的变化范围为1~6,单种属最多,占总数的76.00%;科和属的分布区类型均以泛热带分布为主,热带性质占绝对优势,这不同于尖峰岭山地雨林热带-亚热带过度性明显的特点;根据种-面积曲线研究表明,甘什岭热带低地雨林最小取样面积为范围在3 600~6 400 m~2之间,其上限高于海南岛霸王岭热带山地雨林的4 000 m~2最小面积;相较于山地雨林,其植物种类较丰富,地理成分更复杂。     

马铃薯种植栽培管理技术要点研究

在粮食作物中，马铃薯属于关键，诸多国家都是马铃薯产国，我国马铃薯种植栽培面积也十 分广泛，所以，需要针对于马铃薯特征全面普及其种植与栽培技术，以此来保障马铃薯总产量。     

翁源青云山自然保护区维管束植物区系特征分析

青云山省级自然保护区位于韶关翁源县的东南部,本研究在查阅文献、历史标本的基础上,对本区进行全面踏查、标本采集并鉴定,从而进行植物物种多样性编目和区系分析。结果表明：青云山自然保护区有维管束植物1336种（含种下分类单位）,其中石松类和蕨类植物132种,隶属于62属24科,裸子植物6种,隶属于4属4科,被子植物1198种,隶属于588属148科;本区的表征科主要以樟科（Lauraceae）、壳斗科（Fagaceae）、冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）等为主。植物区系地理组成复杂,主要以热带、亚热带为主,且热带、亚热带的过渡性质明显。从中国特有种的分布情况来看,该地区与湖南南部、广西东北部、江西西南部联系较为紧密,体现了南岭山脉植物区系的一致性与整体性;珍稀濒危植物共计48种;植被具有中亚热带向南亚热带过渡的特征。青云山自然保护区植物物种丰富度高、植被类型多样,建议将园洞、青山口等珍稀濒危植物分布较集中的地区列为优先保护区域。     

Anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements in roadside topsoils of a suburban region of Bishkek,Central Asia

The ecological environment in Central Asia is vulnerable to pressure from human activity due to the physical geography and climatic fragility of this region. A set of indicators suitable for the future assessment of this pressure needs to be proposed. Thirty‐six topsoil samples (0–5 cm) were collected from roadsides in a suburban region of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia, and a risk assessment of anthropogenically disturbed potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was systematically conducted with classic statistical methods. The results of detrended correspondence analysis and principal component analysis clearly showed that topsoil samples with high contents of PTEs (Pb, Zn and Cu) were strongly affected by traffic within a distance threshold of 200 m and that anthropogenic effects decreased significantly with increasing distance from the highway. The enrichment factor and anthropogenic contribution for Pb were the highest among the three PTEs, with average values of 2.0% and 47.4%, respectively, suggesting enrichment. However, the results of the human health risk assessment also indicated that noncarcinogenic risks did not occur for any of the anthropogenic PTEs. The reported method provides a new systematic pathway to reveal anthropogenic influences on the geochemical composition of soil. The conclusions of this work will be highly valuable as important guidelines for agriculture, and the results of the PTE contents will provide a scientific basis for soil collection in future studies.     

传统图形元素在食用菌包装创意设计中的运用

通过研究食用菌包装中传统图形元素的创意设计,可以使食用菌产品与现代消费者的需求更加贴合,进一步拓展食用菌消费市场。融合地域特色传统文化,满足现代人的审美观念,对传统图形元素进行有效创新,并使用科学的方法进行设计,更好的凸显地域特色文化内涵。